鋼鐵廠靜電除塵器、布袋除塵器由于不能滿足現有環(huan)保(bao)標(biao)準(zhun)，都(dou)面臨(lin)著整(zheng)改(gai)及維修，好的改(gai)造(zao)方案是每個鋼鐵(tie)(tie)行業(ye)所(suo)最終選擇(ze)的，一般要(yao)在改(gai)造(zao)費用及更低(di)的環(huan)保(bao)標(biao)準(zhun)選擇(ze)。我(wo)公(gong)司從事(shi)鋼鐵(tie)(tie)廠(chang)(chang)除塵器(qi)的制(zhi)作(zuo)、生產、設(she)計、售后(hou)服務為(wei)一體的環(huan)保(bao)公(gong)司。為(wei)唐(tang)山多家鋼鐵(tie)(tie)廠(chang)(chang)維修技(ji)改(gai)除塵設(she)備后(hou)效果(guo)達(da)到(dao)設(she)計標(biao)準(zhun)。

鋼(gang)鐵廠靜電除(chu)塵(chen)器維修改造內容：

靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)粉(fen)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)的比(bi)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)是評(ping)價導(dao)電(dian)(dian)性的指標，它對(dui)除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)效率有(you)直接的影響(xiang)。比(bi)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)過低，塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)粒難以(yi)(yi)保持(chi)在集塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)電(dian)(dian)極上(shang)，致(zhi)使其重返氣流。比(bi)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)過高(gao)，到達集塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)電(dian)(dian)極的塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)粒電(dian)(dian)荷不(bu)易(yi)放出，在塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)層之間形成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)壓梯度(du)會產生(sheng)局部擊穿和(he)放電(dian)(dian)現象。這些由(you)靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)過程來看，提高(gao)除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)效率可以(yi)(yi)從(cong)兩個階段著(zhu)手。   

一階段(duan)：從煙塵(chen)(chen)(chen)進入(ru)(ru)著手。在靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)里(li)，粉塵(chen)(chen)(chen)的(de)(de)(de)捕集跟粉塵(chen)(chen)(chen)的(de)(de)(de)自身參數有關(guan)：如粉塵(chen)(chen)(chen)的(de)(de)(de)比(bi)電(dian)(dian)阻、介電(dian)(dian)常數和(he)密(mi)度、氣體的(de)(de)(de)流(liu)速、溫度和(he)濕度、電(dian)(dian)場的(de)(de)(de)伏(fu)安(an)特性以及收塵(chen)(chen)(chen)極(ji)的(de)(de)(de)表(biao)面狀(zhuang)態等等。在煙塵(chen)(chen)(chen)進入(ru)(ru)靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)之前先(xian)加除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)，除(chu)(chu)去一些大(da)(da)顆粒(li)、比(bi)重大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)粉塵(chen)(chen)(chen)。如用旋(xuan)風除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)，煙塵(chen)(chen)(chen)以高速經過旋(xuan)風分離器(qi)，使(shi)含(han)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)氣體沿軸線(xian)螺旋(xuan)向下旋(xuan)轉，利(li)用離心(xin)力(li)，除(chu)(chu)掉較粗顆粒(li)的(de)(de)(de)粉塵(chen)(chen)(chen)，控制了進入(ru)(ru)電(dian)(dian)場的(de)(de)(de)初始含(han)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)濃度。還可(ke)用水膜除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)，水霧(wu)用來(lai)控制粉塵(chen)(chen)(chen)的(de)(de)(de)比(bi)電(dian)(dian)阻和(he)介電(dian)(dian)常數，使(shi)煙氣進入(ru)(ru)除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)后有的(de)(de)(de)荷電(dian)(dian)能(neng)力(li)。但(dan)是要控制好除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)的(de)(de)(de)水用量，防止(zhi)結露。   

二階段：從煙塵(chen)(chen)處理著手。通過挖掘靜電除塵(chen)(chen)本(ben)身(shen)(shen)的(de)除塵(chen)(chen)潛力，著重解決(jue)靜電除塵(chen)(chen)器本(ben)身(shen)(shen)在除塵(chen)(chen)過程中的(de)缺陷和問(wen)題，以的(de)提高除塵(chen)(chen)效率。

靜電除塵器維修主(zhu)要(yao)措(cuo)施包括以下幾(ji)種。

（1）不均勻的(de)煙氣(qi)流速分布(bu)(bu)，調整氣(qi)流分布(bu)(bu)裝置的(de)技術參數。

（2）注重收(shou)(shou)塵(chen)(chen)系統(tong)(tong)的(de)保溫(wen)，保溫(wen)層的(de)材料和(he)厚度(du)。收(shou)(shou)塵(chen)(chen)器(qi)外(wai)部的(de)保溫(wen)層，會直接(jie)影響收(shou)(shou)塵(chen)(chen)氣體的(de)的(de)溫(wen)度(du)，由于(yu)(yu)外(wai)部環境中含有量(liang)的(de)水分，氣體的(de)溫(wen)度(du)一旦低于(yu)(yu)露點會產(chan)(chan)生結(jie)露現(xian)象。由于(yu)(yu)結(jie)露，粉塵(chen)(chen)粘附在(zai)集塵(chen)(chen)極和(he)電(dian)暈(yun)(yun)(yun)極上，即使振打也不能地(di)使其(qi)脫落。粘附的(de)粉塵(chen)(chen)量(liang)達到程度(du)時(shi)，就會阻止電(dian)暈(yun)(yun)(yun)極產(chan)(chan)生電(dian)暈(yun)(yun)(yun)，從(cong)而(er)使收(shou)(shou)塵(chen)(chen)效率下降，電(dian)收(shou)(shou)塵(chen)(chen)器(qi)不能正常(chang)工作。另(ling)外(wai)，由于(yu)(yu)結(jie)露會造成收(shou)(shou)塵(chen)(chen)器(qi)的(de)電(dian)極系統(tong)(tong)及殼(ke)體和(he)貯(zhu)斗產(chan)(chan)生腐蝕(shi)，從(cong)而(er)縮短使用壽命。

（3）收(shou)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)系(xi)(xi)統的(de)密封，收(shou)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)系(xi)(xi)統的(de)漏風(feng)(feng)率低(di)于3%。電收(shou)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)通常(chang)為負壓(ya)操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)，因(yin)此在使(shi)用中(zhong)注意密封，減(jian)少(shao)漏風(feng)(feng)以其(qi)工作(zuo)(zuo)性(xing)能(neng)。因(yin)為外(wai)部空氣(qi)的(de)進入，會帶來以下三個(ge)不利的(de)后果(guo)(guo)：①降低(di)收(shou)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)內(nei)氣(qi)體的(de)溫度，有可能(neng)產生結(jie)露(lu)，尤其(qi)是在氣(qi)溫低(di)的(de)冬(dong)季，引起上述結(jie)露(lu)而產生的(de)問(wen)題(ti)。②增大(da)電場風(feng)(feng)速，使(shi)含塵(chen)(chen)(chen)氣(qi)體在電場中(zhong)的(de)停留時間(jian)縮短，從而降低(di)收(shou)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)效(xiao)率。③如果(guo)(guo)是集灰斗和(he)排灰口(kou)處漏風(feng)(feng)，則(ze)漏入的(de)空氣(qi)直接將已沉降下的(de)粉塵(chen)(chen)(chen)吹(chui)起，揚(yang)入氣(qi)流中(zhong)，造(zao)成(cheng)嚴重(zhong)的(de)二次(ci)揚(yang)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)，導致收(shou)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)效(xiao)率降低(di)。

（4）根據煙(yan)氣的(de)(de)化學(xue)成分，調節(jie)電極(ji)板的(de)(de)材料，以便增加電極(ji)板的(de)(de)強度，防止極(ji)板腐蝕(shi)，造(zao)成短路。

（5）調整電極(ji)的(de)振打周期和(he)振打力(li)，以提高電暈(yun)功率和(he)減少(shao)粉塵(chen)的(de)再飛(fei)揚。

（6）增加電(dian)除塵器的容量(liang)或收(shou)塵面積，即增加一個電(dian)場(chang)，或將電(dian)除塵器的電(dian)場(chang)加高或擴寬(kuan)。

（7）調整(zheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)設備的(de)(de)(de)(de)控制(zhi)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)和供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)。高(gao)頻(pin)（20～50kHz）高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)開關電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)應用(yong)，為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)塵器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)升(sheng)級(ji)提(ti)效提(ti)供了一(yi)個新的(de)(de)(de)(de)技術途徑。高(gao)頻(pin)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)開關電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)（SIR）的(de)(de)(de)(de)頻(pin)率(lv)是常(chang)規(gui)(gui)變壓(ya)(ya)/整(zheng)流器(qi)（T/R）的(de)(de)(de)(de)400～1000倍(bei)。常(chang)規(gui)(gui)T/R電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，往(wang)往(wang)在火(huo)花放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)嚴重(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)場(chang)(chang)合不能輸出大的(de)(de)(de)(de)功率(lv)。在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)存在高(gao)比電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻粉塵而產生(sheng)反(fan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈時(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)火(huo)花將(jiang)進一(yi)步增(zeng)大，這將(jiang)導致(zhi)輸出功率(lv)的(de)(de)(de)(de)急劇下(xia)降，有時(shi)甚至會下(xia)降到(dao)幾(ji)十毫安，嚴重(zhong)影(ying)響了收(shou)塵效率(lv)的(de)(de)(de)(de)提(ti)高(gao)。而SIR的(de)(de)(de)(de)情況則(ze)不同，因為其(qi)輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)頻(pin)率(lv)是常(chang)規(gui)(gui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)500倍(bei)，當(dang)發生(sheng)火(huo)花放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)其(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)波動很小，可以產生(sheng)幾(ji)乎平滑的(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)直流輸出，因此SIR能夠對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)提(ti)供的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流。通過多(duo)臺電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)塵器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)運行情況表明(ming)，一(yi)般SIR的(de)(de)(de)(de)輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流在常(chang)規(gui)(gui)T/R電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)2倍(bei)以上，所(suo)以電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)塵器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)效率(lv)會有顯著提(ti)高(gao)。

（8）鋼(gang)鐵廠除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)(qi)收塵(chen)(chen)(chen)系(xi)統的(de)吸(xi)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)點(dian)不(bu)宜(yi)過多，一般一個系(xi)統的(de)吸(xi)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)點(dian)不(bu)超(chao)過5個。當(dang)除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)(qi)吸(xi)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)點(dian)之間的(de)距離不(bu)大或(huo)各并(bing)聯(lian)支管間的(de)阻(zu)力(li)仍可平衡(heng)時，則除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)(qi)吸(xi)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)點(dian)的(de)數(shu)量可適(shi)當(dang)增加，但也不(bu)宜(yi)超(chao)過10 個。吸(xi)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)點(dian)多的(de)除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)(qi)收塵(chen)(chen)(chen)系(xi)統，可采用大斷面的(de)集合(he)管連接各個除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)(qi)支管，以(yi)利各支管間的(de)阻(zu)力(li)平衡(heng)。

（9）、對電器柜進(jin)行防塵(chen)處理(li)，更(geng)新線路，減少電器故(gu)障。

（10）為防止鋼(gang)鐵(tie)(tie)廠除(chu)塵(chen)器(qi)(qi)(qi)粉塵(chen)在管(guan)道內沉積，除(chu)塵(chen)器(qi)(qi)(qi)收塵(chen)管(guan)道應(ying)盡量避免水(shui)(shui)平(ping)(ping)布置(zhi)，特別(bie)是輸送煤(mei)粉的(de)管(guan)道。除(chu)塵(chen)器(qi)(qi)(qi)管(guan)道與水(shui)(shui)平(ping)(ping)面的(de)夾角(jiao)*不小(xiao)于55°。鋼(gang)鐵(tie)(tie)廠除(chu)塵(chen)器(qi)(qi)(qi)對于含塵(chen)濃度(du)小(xiao)子5g/m3的(de)無爆炸危險(xian)的(de)管(guan)道，且管(guan)內流速大于18m/s時，也可水(shui)(shui)平(ping)(ping)布置(zhi)。由于鋼(gang)鐵(tie)(tie)廠除(chu)塵(chen)器(qi)(qi)(qi)各種原因，管(guan)道要水(shui)(shui)平(ping)(ping)布置(zhi)時，應(ying)盡量縮(suo)短(duan)水(shui)(shui)平(ping)(ping)管(guan)道的(de)長度(du)，并在除(chu)塵(chen)器(qi)(qi)(qi)管(guan)道彎頭三(san)通等管(guan)件附近設置(zhi)清掃孔(kong)或(huo)壓縮(suo)空氣管(guan)接頭，以便定期(qi)清掃。支管(guan)應(ying)從主管(guan)的(de)上面或(huo)側面連接。