采用結(jie)構形式有(you)同(tong)心(xin)圓式、臥式、管(guan)式和蜂窩式等四種。

工作原理：按電(dian)(dian)場(chang)理論， 正(zheng)離(li)子(zi)(zi)吸附于帶(dai)負電(dian)(dian)的電(dian)(dian)暈極(ji)，負離(li)子(zi)(zi)吸附于帶(dai)正(zheng)電(dian)(dian)的沉(chen)淀(dian)(dian)極(ji)；所有被(bei)電(dian)(dian)離(li)的正(zheng)負離(li)子(zi)(zi)均充滿電(dian)(dian)暈極(ji)與沉(chen)淀(dian)(dian)極(ji)之間的整個(ge)空(kong)間。當含焦油(you)霧滴(di)等雜(za)質的煤氣通過該電(dian)(dian)場(chang)時，吸附了負離(li)子(zi)(zi)和電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)的雜(za)質在電(dian)(dian)場(chang)庫倫力的作用下，移(yi)動到(dao)沉(chen)淀(dian)(dian)極(ji)后釋放出所帶(dai)電(dian)(dian)荷(he)，并吸附于沉(chen)淀(dian)(dian)極(ji)上，從(cong)而(er)達到(dao)凈化氣體的目(mu)的。

結構特點：

（1）同(tong)(tong)心圓(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)捕焦(jiao)油(you)器(qi)。它由(you)數個不同(tong)(tong)直(zhi)徑的(de)(de)(de)鋼(gang)板圓(yuan)(yuan)筒組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)，以(yi)同(tong)(tong)一垂直(zhi)軸為(wei)圓(yuan)(yuan)心，并以(yi)同(tong)(tong)一間(jian)距套在一起(qi)而組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)沉淀極(ji)。由(you)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)暈極(ji)之間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)同(tong)(tong)性相斥．會(hui)使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)場出現空位小空洞(dong)，即場強洞(dong)穴。易(yi)(yi)造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)氣體在洞(dong)穴中(zhong)短路流失，降低捕集效果，同(tong)(tong)時，同(tong)(tong)心圓(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)捕焦(jiao)油(you)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)造(zao)精度(du)要(yao)求高(gao)、安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)調試極(ji)為(wei)嚴格，在制(zhi)造(zao)、安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)和(he)運輸中(zhong)較易(yi)(yi)使(shi)同(tong)(tong)心度(du)、水平度(du)和(he)垂直(zhi)度(du)產生(sheng)變化，均會(hui)造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)陰(yin)陽極(ji)之間(jian)或其它部件間(jian)產生(sheng)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)現象，難以(yi)達到要(yao)求的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，直(zhi)接影響焦(jiao)油(you)的(de)(de)(de)捕集效率，還易(yi)(yi)使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)瓷(ci)瓶(ping)擊(ji)穿(chuan)毀壞。因場強的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓變化值(zhi)為(wei)400V/mm，所(suo)以(yi)，陰(yin)陽極(ji)間(jian)即使(shi)出現1mm的(de)(de)(de)偏差(cha)，其場強電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的(de)(de)(de)變化值(zhi)可高(gao)達400V。同(tong)(tong)心圓(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)捕焦(jiao)油(you)器(qi)具有流通面積大、氣體流速(su)低和(he)耗鋼(gang)材少等(deng)優(you)點。

（2）管(guan)式(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)捕焦油器。由(you)(you)于(yu)鋼管(guan)與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈線單獨組成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場，其場強電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓取(qu)決于(yu)鋼管(guan)的半徑，其值為(wei)400R。由(you)(you)于(yu)管(guan)式(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)捕焦油器在每個管(guan)截(jie)(jie)面內形成(cheng)等極間(jian)距電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場，而管(guan)與(yu)管(guan)之間(jian)則是(shi)空位，由(you)(you)管(guan)板盲(mang)區(qu)堵住(zhu)這(zhe)些空穴，這(zhe)就降低了圓筒(tong)內空間(jian)的利用(yong)率(lv)，減少了凈化通道的截(jie)(jie)面積。這(zhe)種型式(shi)(shi)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)捕焦油器的鋼材耗量較大，但由(you)(you)于(yu)具有制造(zao)容易(yi)、等極間(jian)距電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場、材料易(yi)得和安裝調(diao)試比較方便(bian)等優點.廣泛應用(yong)于(yu)大中型氣體凈化廠。

(3)。蜂(feng)窩式(shi)與(yu)管(guan)式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)結構(gou)相同，是將(jiang)通道截面(mian)由圓形改為(wei)正六邊形。兩個相鄰正六邊形共用(yong)一(yi)條(tiao)邊，即(ji)靠中(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)正六邊形的(de)(de)(de)(de)六條(tiao)邊均(jun)被包圍它的(de)(de)(de)(de)六個正六邊形所(suo)共用(yong)。用(yong)2～3mm的(de)(de)(de)(de)鋼板制成的(de)(de)(de)(de)蜂(feng)窩板即(ji)可滿足工藝和機(ji)械強度的(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求。由于蜂(feng)窩式(shi)電(dian)捕焦油(you)器(qi)(qi)具有結構(gou)緊湊合理、沒(mei)有電(dian)場空(kong)(kong)穴、空(kong)(kong)間(jian)利用(yong)率高、重量輕、耗鋼材少(shao)和捕集特性好等(deng)優點,但存在制造(zao)難度大(da)．在運輸安(an)裝過程中(zhong)(zhong)易產生誤差等(deng)缺(que)點。隨著設備(bei)制造(zao)工藝水平(ping)的(de)(de)(de)(de)提高，蜂(feng)窩式(shi)電(dian)捕焦油(you)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)優點會越來(lai)越受到人們的(de)(de)(de)(de)重視，必將(jiang)逐(zhu)步取代同心圓式(shi)和管(guan)式(shi)電(dian)捕焦油(you)器(qi)(qi)。電(dian)捕焦油(you)器(qi)(qi)自檢時，電(dian)捕一(yi)次(ci)、二次(ci)電(dian)流、電(dian)壓(ya)均(jun)升不起(qi)來(lai)，斷電(dian)后(hou)用(yong)2500V兆(zhao)歐表測試(shi)絕緣(yuan)，如果(guo)絕緣(yuan)為(wei)零，排除(chu)高壓(ya)電(dian)纜原因后(hou)，可判斷為(wei)絕緣(yuan)箱內瓷(ci)缸或(huo)瓷(ci)瓶(ping)擊穿及電(dian)暈絲段。

技術特點：

電捕焦(jiao)油器具有捕焦(jiao)油、阻力損(sun)(sun)失小、氣(qi)(qi)體處(chu)理(li)量大等特點．不僅可后續(xu)工序對氣(qi)(qi)體質量的要求(qiu)．提高產(chan)品回收(shou)率，而且可明顯操(cao)作環境。濕式(shi)電除塵(chen)器具有除塵(chen)、壓(ya)力損(sun)(sun)失小、操(cao)作簡單、能(neng)耗小、無(wu)運動部件、無(wu)二次(ci)揚塵(chen)、維護費(fei)用低、生產(chan)停(ting)工期短、可工作于(yu)煙氣(qi)(qi)露點溫度(du)以(yi)下、由于(yu)結(jie)構緊湊而可與(yu)其它煙氣(qi)(qi)治理(li)設備相互結(jie)合(he)、設計形式(shi)多樣化等優點。

捕焦(jiao)油效率達99%，出口煤氣中焦(jiao)油霧含量(liang)可(ke)降至20mg/m3以下。生產運行時，與煤氣接觸的絕(jue)緣子(zi)的周(zhou)圍(wei)空間溫度應(ying)保持穩定，要定期地擦拭(shi)絕(jue)緣子(zi)。其表面上(shang)(shang)的臟物。若在(zai)上(shang)(shang)述絕(jue)緣子(zi)的周(zhou)圍(wei)空間充氮氣密(mi)封，則能延(yan)長設備的操(cao)作周(zhou)期。